Diagnosis and antidiastole of leukemia-associated gingival lesions / 中华口腔医学杂志

Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that arises from a hematopoietic stem cell characterized by a disordered differentiation and proliferation of neoplastic cells. The prevalence of leukemia is high in juveniles and adults under 35 years. Gingival manifestations of leukemia include gingiva bleeding, enlargement, pallor, petechial, ulceration, which may be the first clinical signs of leukemia. In the dental clinic, identification of leukemia-associated gingival lesions, referring patients to hematologists without delay will improve the prognosis of leukemia. Diagnosis and antidiastole of leukemia-associated gingival lesions have been discussed with reference to the related cases.

Exploration and practice of Peking University Model to improve the clinical teaching effect of clinical postgraduates majoring in periodontology / 中华口腔医学杂志

The number of patients with periodontal disease in China is large, and the ratio of doctors to patients is seriously imbalanced, especially in the insufficient number of periodontal specialists and periodontal teachers. Strengthening the cultivation of professional postgraduates in periodontology can effectively solve this problem. This paper summarizes the experiences of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology in the teaching of periodontal postgraduate students for more than 30 years, in cluding teaching objectives formulation, teaching resources allocation and enhancement of the quality control system of clinical teaching, for ensuring that the periodontal professional postgraduates could reach the expected level after training. This formed the current "Peking University Model". There are both opportunities and challenges in clinical teaching of periodontal postgraduates in domestic stomatology community. The authors hope that the continuous exploration and improvement of this teaching system will promote the vigorous development of clinical teaching for the postgraduates majoring in periodontology in China.

Persistence follow-up of immune memory to hepatitis B vaccine among infants with non- and low-response to primary vaccination after revaccination with three doses / 中华预防医学杂志

This study followed up the immune memory after 3-dose revaccination among infants with non-and low-response following primary hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination. About 120 children without self-booster doses were finally included who had anti-HBs<10 mIU/ml (anti-HBs negative) at the time of follow-up, of whom 86 children completed blood sampling and anti-HBs testing. Before the challenge dose, all 86 children were negative for anti-HBs, and the GMC of anti-HBs was<10 mIU/ml. The seropositive conversion rate of anti-HBs was 100% and the GMC of anti-HBs was 886.11 (95%CI: 678.15-1 157.84) mIU/ml after the challenge dose. Compared with those with GMC<7 mIU/ml before the challenge dose, infants with GMC>7 mIU/ml had a higher anti-HBs level after the challenge dose. The β value (95%CI) was 0.82 (0.18-1.46) (P=0.012). Compared with those with GMC<1 000 mIU/ml at primary vaccination, infants with GMC≥1 000 mIU/ml had a higher anti-HBs level after the challenge dose. The β value (95%CI) was 0.78 (0.18-1.38)(P=0.012). The results showed a stronger immune memory was found at 9 years after revaccination among infants with non-and low-response to HepB.

Preparation and polarization activity research of astragalus polysaccharide-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomposite / 药学学报

Size and surface modification are the two key factors affecting the effect of macrophages polarization induced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The smaller the particle size, the better the polarization effect of SPIONs. Besides, the reasonable SPIONs surface modification method can also be used to enhance the polarization effect. In this study, SPIONs was prepared by solvothermal method and optimized by Box-Benhnken center combination design and response surface method. Furthermore, astragalus polysaccharide-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomplex (APS-SPIONs) was successfully constructed by EDC/NHS esterification method. The structure of APS-SPIONs was confirmed by dynamic light scatter and infrared spectrometer, and the contents of iron and polysaccharide were characterized by spectrophotometry. The effect of APS-SPIONs on inducing mouse macrophages RAW264.7 polarization was investigated by flow cytometry. The RAW264.7 macrophages-HepG2 human hepatoma cancer cells Transwell co-culture system was established to investigate APS-SPIONs improve anti-tumor function of macrophages in vitro, and the proliferation activity of APS-SPIONs on RAW264.7 detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The results showed that the average particle size and zeta potential of APS-SPIONs were (82.93 ± 1.47) nm and (-24.00 ± 0.47) mV. Polysaccharide and Fe content were 8.69% and 7.04%, respectively. APS-SPIONs effectively induced the polarization of RAW264.7 into M1 type in vitro, improving the anti-tumor ability of macrophages in a co-culture system, without effecting the proliferation of macrophages. Our study provides a drug development strategy and preliminary research results to educate macrophages and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment to achieve tumor-killing effects.

"Graded early warning system" of RET germline mutation carriers in MEN2A/MEN2B families and total thyroidectomy (report of 7 cases) / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the reasonable time of prophylactic thyroidectomy for RET gene carriers in multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN) 2A/2B families. Methods: From May 2015 to August 2021, RET gene carriers in MEN2A/MEN2B families were dynamically followed up at the Department of Thyroid Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University. The high-risk patients were encouraged to undergo prophylacitc total thyroidectomy according to the principle of "graded early warning system", namely the evaluation of gene detection, calcitonin value and ultrasound examination successively. Seven cases underwent the surgery, including 3 males and 4 females, aged from 7 to 29 years. According to the risk stratification listed in the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association in 2015, there were 2 cases of the highest risk, 2 cases of the high risk and 3 cases of the modest risk. Calcitonin index remained within the normal range in 3 cases and elevated in 4 cases before operation. All 7 patients underwent thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection of the level Ⅵ performed in 4 patients. Results: The time from suggestion to operation was 2 to 37 months, with an average of 15.1 months. The 6 patients were medullary thyroid carcinoma and 1 case with C-cell hyperplasia. The follow-up time was 2 to 82 months, with an average of 38.4 months. Postoperative serum calcitonin levels of all cases decreased to normal level, with biochemical cure. There was no sign of recurrence on ultrasound examination. All 7 patients had no serious complications, no obvious thyroid dysfunction. Their height, weight and other indicators of pediatric patients were similar to those of their peers, with normal growth and development. Conclusion: For healthy people with MEN2A/MEN2B family history, prophylactic thyroidectomy can be carried out selectively based on the comprehensive evaluation of "graded early warning system" with strict screening and close monitoring.

Research progress of injectable in situ hydrogel embolic agents / 药学学报

Embolotherapy is a common method for clinical intervention in the treatment of diseases including aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations and solid tumors, and embolic agents are a decisive factor affecting the effect of embolization. Although various embolic agents like coils, microspheres, and Onyx have been used clinically, there are still some treatment limitations: such as weak blood vessel penetration, easy to aggregate, poor mechanical properties, adhesion to catheters, and the need for toxic solvents (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide). In recent years, a number of studies have found that in situ hydrogels have good application prospects in the field of vascular embolization. When low viscosity precursor solution is injected into the targeted blood vessel via microcatheters, it will undergo a sol-gel transition through physical and/or chemical cross-linking to form hydrogel to block blood flow. In addition, these in situ hydrogels can load drugs by pore embedding, electrostatic interaction, chemical bonding, etc., and have excellent sustained-release properties. This review summarizes the research progress of injectable in situ hydrogel vascular embolic agents in the past ten years, with a view to provide references for the development of new embolic agents in the future.

The mechanism of blood pressure regulation by high potassium diet in the kidney / 生理学报

Hypertension is one of the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, cerebral stroke, and kidney failure. Lifestyle and nutrition are important factors that modulate blood pressure. Hypertension can be controlled by increasing physical activity, decreasing alcohol and sodium intake, and stopping tobacco smoking. Chronic kidney disease patients often have increased blood pressure, which indicates that kidney is one of the major organs responsible for blood pressure homeostasis. The decrease of renal sodium reabsorption and increase of diuresis induced by high potassium intake is critical for the blood pressure reduction. The beneficial effect of a high potassium diet on hypertension could be explained by decreased salt reabsorption by sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). In DCT cells, NCC activity is controlled by with-no-lysine kinases (WNKs) and its down-stream target kinases, Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1). The kinase activity of WNKs is inhibited by intracellular chloride ([Cl-]i) and WNK4 is known to be the major WNK positively regulating NCC. Based on our previous studies, high potassium intake reduces the basolateral potassium conductance, decreases the negativity of DCT basolateral membrane (depolarization), and increases [Cl-]i. High [Cl-]i inhibits WNK4-SPAK/OSR1 pathway, and thereby decreases NCC phosphorylation. In this review, we discuss the role of DCT in the blood pressure regulation by dietary potassium intake, which is the mechanism that has been best dissected so far.

Comparison of initial periodontal therapy and its correlation with white blood cell level in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of initial periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with white blood cell counts.@*METHODS@#In this study, 32 chronic periodontitis patients without systemic disease (CP group) and 27 chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CP+DM group) were enrolled. At admission, all the patients went through periodontal examination and fasting blood examination(baseline). Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PLI), white blood cells (WBC) counts and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were recorded respectively, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was recorded only in CP+DM group. After that, initial periodontal therapy was performed. All the tests were repeated 3 and 6 months after treatment. The changes of periodontal clinical indexes and WBC levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the correlation between WBC and periodontal clinical indexes and glucose metabolism indexes were analyzed by generalized linear mixed model.@*RESULTS@#At baseline, the periodontal inflammation and destruction were similar in CP and CP+DM group, but the WBC level was significantly higher in CP+DM groups [(6.01±1.26)×109/L vs. (7.14±1.99)×109/L, P=0.01]. After 3 and 6 months of initial periodontal therapy, the mean PD, AL, BI, and PLI in CP+DM and CP groups were significantly lower than the baseline, and the PD in CP+DM group was further decreased by 6 months compared with 3 months [(3.33±0.62) mm vs. (3.61±0.60) mm, P < 0.05]. However, none of these periodontal indexes showed significant difference between the two groups by 3 or 6 months. In CP+DM group, HbA1c at 3 months and 6 months were significantly lower than the baseline [(7.09±0.79)% vs. (7.64±1.16)%, P < 0.05; (7.06±0.78)% vs. (7.64±1.16)%, P < 0.05], and FBG was significantly lower than the baseline by 6 months [(7.35±1.14) mmol/L vs. (8.40±1.43) mmol/L, P < 0.05]. The WBC level in CP group was significantly lower than the baseline level by 3 months [(5.35±1.37)×109/L vs. (6.01±1.26)×109/L, P < 0.05], while that in CP+DM group was significantly lower than the baseline level by 6 months [(6.00±1.37)×109/L vs. (7.14±1.99)×109/L, P < 0.05]. The analysis of genera-lized linear mixed model showed that WBC level was significantly positively correlated with PD and FBG (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Initial periodontal therapy can effectively improve the periodontal clinical status of patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and have benefits on glycemic control in diabetic patients. However, the response of periodontal indexes and WBC level to initial therapy were relatively delayed in diabetic patients. WBC plays an important role in the correlation between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.

Gene polymorphisms of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain (CYBA) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and susceptibility to generalized aggressive periodontitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain (CYBA) rs4673 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) rs12720922 polymorphisms with the susceptibility of gene-ralized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).@*METHODS@#The study was a case-control trial. A total of 372 GAgP patients and 133 periodontally healthy controls were recruited. The CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 polymorphisms were detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 variants with the susceptibility of GAgP. The interaction between the two gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility of GAgP was analyzed by the likelihood ratio test. The interaction model adopted was the multiplication model.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of GAgP group and control group was (27.5±5.2) years and (28.8±7.1) years respectively. There was significant difference in age between the two groups (P < 0.05). The gender distribution (male/female) was 152/220 and 53/80 respectively, and there was no significant difference between GAgP group and controls (P>0.05). For CYBA rs4673, the frequency of CT/TT genotype in the GAgP group was significantly higher than that in the controls [18.0% (66/366) vs. 10.6% (14/132), P < 0.05]. After adjusting age and gender, the individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher risk of GAgP (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.01-3.45, P < 0.05), compared with CC genotype. There was no statistically significant difference in distributions of the CETP rs12720922 genotypes (GG, AA/AG) between GAgP patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). A significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 in the susceptibility to GAgP was observed. The GAgP risk of the individuals with CYBA rs4673 CT/TT and CETP rs12720922 GG genotypes was significantly increased (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.36-7.75, P < 0.01), compared with those carrying CC and AA/AG genotypes.@*CONCLUSION@#CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype is associated with GAgP susceptibility. There is a significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype and CETP rs12720922 GG genotype in the susceptibility of GAgP.

Expression and distribution of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Calprotectin, the heterdimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is the major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils, which is also expressed or induced in gingival epithelial cells, activated mononuclear macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Calprotectin is intimately associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, but the in vivo expression patterns of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissue are not fully understood. To observe the expression, distribution and cellular localization of calprotectin in the samples of healthy periodontal tissues and experimental periodontitis tissues of Beagles and to explore their relationship with periodontal inflammation and possible effect.@*METHODS@#Experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation around the mandibular second molar of the Beagle dogs, while the contralateral teeth were healthy controls. Induction duration was 12 weeks, before the dogs were executed. Tissue specimens were demineralized and serial sections were made conventionally. The in vivo expression of calprotectin in the healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro expression of calprotectin in human primary gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were detected by immunocytochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that calprotectin was expressed in gingival epithelial cells and infiltrated neutrophils in the healthy periodontium within the gingival epithelium, S100A8/A9 was most strongly expressed in the junctional epithelium, followed by surface epithelium, and least expressed in the sulcular epithelium. The S100A8/A9 expression levels were sharply defined at the junction between the junctional epithelium and the sulcular epithelium. In periodontal inflammatory lesions, the expression level of calprotectin in sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium was up-regulated than that in the healthy gingival epithelium. Calprotectin was inducibly expressed in fibroblast-like cells in gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament tissue, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the expression of calprotectin in primary human GFs and PDL cells was confirmed by immunnocytochemistry staining.@*CONCLUSION@#Constitutively expressed in neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells, and calprotectin might maintain the homeostasis and integrity of periodontium. Inflammation-induced expression of calprotectin in GFs, PDL cells, microvascular ECs and bone marrow fibroblasts might process anti-microbial function and promote leukocytes transmigration to defend the host against the microorganisms.

Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-EDMB-PICA in Suspicious Herbal Products / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the qualitative analysis strategy for unknown synthetic cannabinoid in the suspicious herbal product when no reference substance is available. Methods The synthetic cannabinoid in herbal blend was extracted with methanol. The extract was concentrated by rotary evaporator and separated and purified by preparative liquid chromatography, to obtain high purity synthetic cannabinoid sample. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MS） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） were used to determine the structure of the prepared compound. Results High purity unknown sample （10 mg） was obtained by preparative liquid chromatography. The sample was analyzed by GC-MS, UPLC-TOF-MS and NMR, and through spectrum analysis, the unknown synthetic cannabinoid was determined as 5F-EDMB-PICA. Conclusion The method to extract unknown synthetic cannabinoid from low content herbal products by preparative liquid chromatography was established, and the structure of the unknown sample was identified by comprehensive use of GC-MS, UPLC-QTOF-MS and NMR. The information will assist forensic laboratories in identifying this substance or other compounds with similar structures in their casework.

Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate in Annaca by Infrared Spectroscopy / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish an infrared spectroscopic method for the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of caffeine and sodium benzoate in Annaka samples. Methods Qualitative and quantitative modeling samples were prepared by mixing high-purity caffeine and sodium benzoate. The characteristic absorption peaks of caffeine and sodium benzoate in Annaka samples were determined by analyzing the infrared spectra of the mixed samples. The quantitative model of infrared spectra was established by partial least squares （PLS）. Results By analyzing the infrared spectra of 17 mixed samples of caffeine and sodium benzoate （the purity of caffeine ranges from 10% to 80%）, the characteristic absorption peaks for caffeine were determined to be 1 698, 1 650, 1 237, 972, 743, and 609 cm-1. The characteristic absorption peaks for sodium benzoate were 1 596, 1 548, 1 406, 845, 708 and 679 cm-1. When the detection of all characteristic absorption peaks was the positive identification criteria, the positive detection rate of caffeine and sodium benzoate in 48 seized Annaka samples was 100%. The linear range of PLS quantitative model for caffeine was 10%-80%, the coefficient of determination （ R2） was 99.9%, the root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECV） was 0.68%, and the root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） was 0.91%; the linear range of PLS quantitative model for sodium benzoate was 20%-90%, the R2 was 99.9%, the RMSECV was 0.91% and the RMSEP was 1.11%. The results of paired sample t test showed that the differences between the results of high performance liquid chromatography method and infrared spectroscopy method had no statistical significance. The established infrared quantitative method was used to analyze 48 seized Annaka samples, the purity of caffeine was 27.6%-63.1%, and that of sodium benzoate was 36.9%-72.3%. Conclusion The rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of caffeine and sodium benzoate in Annaka samples by infrared spectroscopy method could improve identification efficiency and reduce determination cost.

Study on the determination method and antioxidant activity of the multi-component contents of the classical prescription Qingzao Jiufei Decoction / 药学学报

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of 8 constituents in Qingzao Jiufei Decoction was established and the basis of related chemical substances with antioxidant activity in Qingzao Jiufei Decoction was explored. The separation was performed on a Waters Cortecs RP Shield C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.6 μm) using UHPLC-DAD as the mobile phase was water (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid) – acetonitrile with flow rate of 0.30 mL·min-1 by gradient elution ① determining 5 constituents (amygdalin, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, rutin and isoquercitrin) at the wavelength of 210 nm, 237 nm and 358 nm. Under gradient elution ②, 3 constituents (glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid and sesamin) were determined at the wavelength of 210 nm and 265 nm. The IC50 of 10 batches of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) free radicals obtained through test and Probit model was analyzed for correlation with the contents of 8 constituents. The established methods had a good linear relationship (r > 0.999), good repeatability and stability. The recovery rate was between 82.8% and 112.4%. In a series of concentration range, the higher the concentration of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction, the stronger the free radical scavenging effect. There was a significant correlation between the content of rutin and glycyrrhizic acid and the IC50 of scavenging free radicals. The content determination methods established in this experiment provide a basis for a reasonable and scientific evaluation of the quality of Qingzao Jiufei Decoction. Qingzao Jiufei Decoction has antioxidant activity, which is significantly positively correlated with the content of rutin and glycyrrhizic acid.

Efficacy and safety of lactase additive in preterm infants with lactose intolerance: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the efficacy and safety of lactase additive in improving lactose intolerance in preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 preterm infants with lactose intolerance who were admitted to the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2018 to December 2019 were randomly divided into a lactase treatment group and a control group, with 30 infants in each group. The infants in the lactase treatment group were given 4 drops of lactase additive (180 mg) added into preterm formula or breast milk, and those in the control group were given placebo, oral administration of probiotics (live combined @*RESULTS@#Finally 29 infants in the lactase treatment group and 26 infants in the control group completed the trial. At the end of the first week after intervention, compared with the control group, the lactase treatment group had significantly lower frequency of daily milk vomiting and gastric retention amount (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Lactase additive can safely and effectively improve the clinical symptoms caused by lactose intolerance in preterm infants.

An integrative metabolomics and network pharmacology method for exploring bioactive components and preliminary pharmacodynamics in medicinal parts of Harrisonia perforata / 中国中药杂志

In this paper,metabolomics and network pharmacology were used to investigate the bioactive components of Harrisonia perforata and their possible mechanisms of action. Metabolites in the flowers,fruits,branches,leaves and stalks of H. perforata were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Meanwhile,multiple statistical analysis methods including principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA)were applied to screen and identify differential compounds. With metabolomics method,9 differential compounds were preliminarily identified from leaves and other non-traditional medicinal parts. Subsequently,these compounds were explored by using network pharmacology. With gastrointestinal absorption and drug-likeness as limiting conditions,they were imported into the Swiss ADME,from which 7 compounds with potential medicinal activity were obtained. Then,their targets were predicted by PharmMapper,with Human Protein Targets Only and Normalized Fit Score>0. 9 set as limiting conditions,and 60 standardized potential targets were identified with Uniprot. KEGG( Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway data was obtained using metascape and the " potential active ingredients-target-pathway" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3. 7. 2. The enrichment analysis of KEGG demonstrated that the 60 targets were enriched in 78 signaling pathways( min overlap: 3,P value cutoff: 0. 01,min enrichment: 1. 5),many of which are related to anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and anti-virus,such as IL-17 signaling pathway,RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Finally,depending on the clinical activity of H. perforata,the relevant signaling pathways were analyzed through experimental data and literature. Dehydroconiferyl alcohol was reported to have the anti-inflammatory effect and perforamone D to possess the antimycobacterial activity. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that dehydroconiferyl alcohol could act on the Alzheimer's disease( AD) signaling pathway by targeting CDK5 R1 and BACE1. ACh E inhibitor is the most promising drug to treat AD,while dehydroconiferyl alcohol has been proved to inhibit ACh E according to literature. The experimental results revealed that the extract of leaves of H. perforata can effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These are consistent with the enrichment analysis results of KEGG. This study explored the bioactive components and pharmacodynamics of the leaves of the H. perforata,laying a theoretical foundation for its in-depth development and rational application.

Electrophysiological differentiation of long RP interval Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia / 中国综合临床

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia includes atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia, atrioventricular reentry tachycardia and atrial tachycardia.At present, the commonly used methods in clinical diagnosis include ventricular pacing in tachycardia, pre ventricular stimulation in refractory/non refractory period of his bundle, pacing in different parts of the atrium, parahisian pacing in sinus rhythm and stimulation in different parts of the ventricle.Ventricular pacing is one of the most commonly used methods in clinical diagnosis.However, it may lead to " false V-A-A-V" sequence after pacing.The ventricular pre phase stimulation of his bundle refractory period may appear false negative or lead to termination of tachycardia, which is not condutive to differential diagnosis.The results may be affected by pacing position, bypass position and refractory period when parahisian pacing and ventricular stimulation at different sites/frequencies are performed in sinus rhythm.Because of their respective advantages and limitations, it is necessary to integrate a variety of identification methods to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the success rate of operation.

Research and application of nanometer black phosphorus in phototherapy and drug carrier / 药学学报

The emerging nano-black phosphorus materials have created a new platform for biomedical research. Nano-black phosphorus has the following advantages: black phosphorus can produce singlet oxygen under near-infrared light irradiation, so it can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy;black phosphorus has extensive light absorption in the long wavelength region, and this near-infrared photothermal property can be used in photothermal therapy. The high specific surface area and unique fold structure of the black phosphorus nanosheet make it have very high drug loading.This paper mainly reviews the applications of black phosphorus in biological imaging, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and as a drug carrier in recent years. Based on the photoelectric properties of black phosphorus nanomaterials combined with intelligent drug delivery platform, the synergistic effects of light/heat/chemistry, light/chemistry/gene, and light/chemistry/immunity can be produced, which has a broad application prospect.

Association between root abnormalities and related pathogenic genes in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association between the abnormal root morphology and bone metabolism or root development related gene polymorphism in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis.@*METHODS@#In the study, 179 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis were enrolled, with an average age of (27.23±5.19) years, male / female = 67/112. The average number of teeth remaining in the mouth was (26.80±1.84). Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nine genes which related to bone metabolism and root development were detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Root abnormalities were identified using periapical radiographs. The abnormal root morphology included cone-rooted teeth, slender-root teeth, short-rooted teeth, curved-rooted teeth, syncretic-rooted molars, and molar root abnormalities. The number of teeth and incidence of abnormal root morphology in different genotypes of 13 SNPs were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The constituent ratio of root with root abnormality in GAgP patients was 14.49%(695/4 798). The average number of teeth with abnormal root morphology in GAgP was (3.88±3.84). The average number of teeth with abnormal root morphology in CC, CT and TT genotypes in vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs2228570 was (4.66±4.10), (3.71±3.93) and (2.68±2.68). There was significant difference between TT genotype and CC genotype (t = 2.62, P =0.01). The average number of root morphological abnormalities in CC, CT and TT genotypes of Calcitotin Receptor (CTR) gene rs2283002 was (5.02±3.70), (3.43±3.95), and (3.05±3.12). The incidence of root morphological abnormalities in CC genotype was higher than that in the patients with CT and TT, and the difference was statistically significant(87.86% vs. 65.26% & 63.64%, P=0.006, adjusted OR =3.71, 95%CI: 1.45-9.50). There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal root morphology between CT and TT genotypes.@*CONCLUSION@#VDR rs2228570 and CTR rs2283002 may be associated with the occurrence of abnormal root morphology in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, which is worthy of further research.

Effect of initial periodontal therapy on blood parameters related to erythrocyte and platelet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the blood parameters related to erythrocyte and platelet between baseline and 3 months after initial periodontal therapy in patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM-P).@*METHODS@#According to the International Symposium on Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in 1999 and the diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus proposed by the World Health Organization in 1999, 35 patients with DM-P were recruited. All the participants received initial periodontal therapy, including oral hygiene instruction, scaling, and root planning provided by one senior periodontist. Original diet, exercise, and medication for blood glucose control were unchanged for all the participants. At baseline and 3 months after initial periodontal therapy, the clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL); erythrocyte-related indexes, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RBC volume distribution width (RDW); platelet-related indexes, including platelet (PLT) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletocrit (PCT) were measured and compared.@*RESULTS@#Compared with baseline, the periodontal parameters, including PD [(3.370±0.601) mm vs. (2.729±0.431) mm], BI [2.160 (1.550~3.410) vs. 1.420 (1.000~2.970)] and CAL [(3.307±1.577) mm vs. (2.990±1.587) mm], were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) three months after the initial periodontal therapy; the erythrocyte-related indexes, including RBC count [(4.727±0.392)×1012/L vs. (4.825±0.394)×1012/L, P=0.010], HGB [(145.886±11.792) g/L vs. (149.200±12.979) g/L, P=0.007] and HCT [43.40% (37.50%~48.50%) vs. 43.80% (38.50%~53.20%), P=0.003], were significantly increased three months after the initial periodontal therapy; PLT count [(216.714±61.900)×109/L vs. (205.886±62.051)×109/L, P=0.016] was significantly reduced 3 months after the initial periodontal therapy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The initial periodontal therapy can significantly improve blood parameters related to RBC and PLT, which might decrease the risk of vascular complications in DM-P patients.

Influence of local anesthesia on the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#There is limited evidence of the effects of local anesthesia (LA) on outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), in particular among the Chinese. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effects of LA on short-term treatment outcomes of NSPT and to determine under what circumstances LA should be prescribed to improve these outcomes.@*METHODS@#Data from periodontal examinations of 3980 patients were used. The data were from 3-month re-evaluation records of an electronic periodontal charting record system in the Department of Periodontology of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June 2008 to January 2015. Descriptive analyses included changes in probing depth (PD) and the Mazza bleeding index (BI). Two-level (patient and tooth) logistic regression models and three-level (patient, tooth, and site) linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of LA on PD for all teeth/sites and teeth/sites with an initial PD ≥ 5 mm. Decreases in PD and BI at sites under LA using the initial PD were also compared.@*RESULTS@#A significantly higher mean decrease in PD after NSPT was found in the LA group than in the no local anesthesia (NLA) group (0.98 vs. 0.54 mm, t = 24.12, P  1 and BI > 2) for all teeth (16.7% vs. 13.8%, t = 3.75, P < 0.001; 34.7% vs. 28.1%, t = 6.73, P < 0.001) and PD for teeth with PD ≥ 5 mm (32.3% vs. 17.3%, t = 28.48, P < 0.001). The difference in PD between the LA and NLA groups increased as the initial PD increased. The difference between the two groups was 0.12 to 0.22 mm for sites with a baseline PD < 7 mm; however, it increased to 0.41 to 1.37 mm for sites with a baseline PD ≥ 7 mm.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LA improved the decrease in PD after NSPT. Root debridement at sites with initial PD ≥ 7 mm should be performed under routine LA.